(a)Grounds. – A new trial may be granted to all or any of the parties and on all or part of the issues (1) in an action in which there has been a trial by jury, for any of the reasons for which new trials have heretofore been granted in actions at law; and (2) in an action tried without a jury, for any of the reasons for which rehearings have heretofore been granted in suits in equity. On a motion for a new trial in an action tried without a jury, the court may open the judgment if one has been entered, take additional testimony, amend findings of fact and conclusions of law or make new findings and conclusions, and direct the entry of a new judgment. (b)Time for motion. – Any motion for a new trial shall be filed not later than 10 days after the entry of the judgment. (c)Time for serving affidavits. – When a motion for new trial is based upon affidavits they shall be filed with the motion. The opposing party has 10 days after service to file opposing affidavits, but that period may be extended for up to 20 days, either by the court for good cause or by the parties’ written stipulation. The court may permit reply affidavits. (d)On court’s initiative; notice; specifying grounds. – No later than 10 days after entry of judgment the court, on its own, may order a new trial for any reason that would justify granting one on a party’s motion. After giving the parties notice and an opportunity to be heard, the court may grant a timely motion for a new trial for a reason not stated in the motion. When granting a new trial on its own initiative or for a reason not stated in a motion, the court shall specify the grounds in its order. (e)Motion to alter or amend a judgment. – Any motion to alter or amend the judgment shall be filed not later than 10 days after entry of the judgment. (f)Effect of failure to move for new trial. – If a party fails to make a timely motion for a new trial, after a trial by jury in which judgment as a matter of law has not been rendered by the court, the party is deemed to have waived all errors occurring during the trial which the party might have assigned as grounds in support of such motion; provided that if a party has made a motion under Rule 50(b) for judgment in accordance with the party’s motion for judgment as a matter of law and such motion is denied, the party’s failure to move for a new trial is not a waiver of error in the court’s denying or failing to grant such motion for judgment as a matter of law.
