Rule 44 – Proving an Official Record

(a)Means of Proving(1)Domestic Record. Each of the following evidences an official record-or an entry in it-that is otherwise admissible and is kept within the United States, any state, district, or commonwealth, or any territory subject to the administrative or...

Rule 43 – Taking Testimony

(a) In Open Court. At trial, the witnesses’ testimony must be taken in open court unless provided otherwise by applicable law. For good cause in compelling circumstances and with appropriate safeguards, the court may permit testimony in open court by...

Rule 42 – Consolidation; Separate Trials

(a)Consolidation. If actions before the court involve a common question of law or fact, the court may: (1) join for hearing or trial any or all matters at issue in the actions;(2) consolidate the actions; or(3) issue any other orders to avoid unnecessary cost or...

Rule 41 – Dismissal of Actions

(a)Voluntary Dismissal: Effect Thereof.(1)By the Plaintiff.(A)Without a Court Order. Subject to Rules 23(f), 23.1, 23.2, 66, and any applicable statute, the plaintiff may dismiss an action without a court order by filing: (i) a notice of dismissal before the opposing...

Rule 39 – Trial by Jury or by the Court

(a)By Jury. When a jury trial has been demanded under Rule 38, the action must be designated as a jury action. The trial on all issues so demanded must be by jury unless: (1) the parties or their attorneys file a stipulation to a nonjury trial or so stipulate on the...