Rule 44 – Proof of official record

(a) Authentication of copy. – An official record or an entry therein, when admissible for any purpose, may be evidence by an official publication thereof or by a copy attested by the officer having the legal custody of the record, or by his deputy, and...

Rule 43 – Evidence

(a) Form. – In all trials the testimony of witnesses shall be taken orally in open court, unless otherwise provided by these rules.(b) Examination of hostile witnesses and adverse parties. – A party may interrogate any unwilling or hostile witness by...