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Rule 110 – Civil Violations

May 13, 2021 | Criminal Procedure, Maine

(a) Applicability. The Maine Rules of Civil Procedure shall apply to civil violation proceedings in the Unified Criminal Docket, other than traffic infraction proceedings; provided, however, that this Rule, so far as applicable, shall supersede the general provisions of the rules in all such proceedings where the amount of the fine, penalty, forfeiture, or other sanction that may be assessed for each separate violation is $1,000 or less. “Civil violation” has the meaning set forth in 17-A M.R.S. §4-B.
(b) Commencement of Proceedings. A proceeding under this Rule shall be commenced by one of the following methods:

(1) A citation may be filled out in the manner prescribed in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) of this Rule and served upon the defendant within the state by any officer authorized to enforce a statute or ordinance to which this Rule applies, if the officer has probable cause to believe that a civil violation under such statute or ordinance has been committed. Service under this paragraph shall be made upon an individual by delivering a copy of the citation to the individual personally and, if the defendant is an incompetent person, personally to the appropriate individual specified in Rule 4(d)(3) of the Maine Rules of Civil Procedure. Service under this paragraph shall be made upon any other entity by delivering a copy of the citation personally to one of the appropriate individuals specified in Rules 4(d)(4) through (10) of the Maine Rules of Civil Procedure.
(2) A citation may be filled out in the manner prescribed in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) of this Rule by any officer authorized to enforce a statute or ordinance to which this Rule applies, if the officer has probable cause to believe that a civil violation under such statute or ordinance has been committed. The officer may cause the citation to be served by any method provided in Rule 4(d), (e), (f), (g), or (j) of the Maine Rules of Civil Procedure.

The officer serving the citation shall not take the defendant into custody, except as temporary detention is authorized by 17-A M.R.S. §17. As soon as practicable after service upon the defendant, the officer shall cause the original of the citation to be filed with the clerk of the Unified Criminal Docket. No filing fee is required. All proceedings arising under a statute shall be brought in the name of the State of Maine. All proceedings arising under an ordinance shall be brought in the name and to the use of the political subdivision that enacted such ordinance.

(c) Content of Citation and Complaint.

(1) A citation to be served as provided in subdivision (b) of this Rule shall contain the name of the defendant; the time and place of the alleged violation; a brief description of the violation; the time, place and date the defendant is to appear in court, which shall in no case be less than 7 days from the date of service unless the defendant agrees to a shorter period of time; and the signature of the officer issuing the citation.
(2) The citation shall serve as a complaint, and no other summons, complaint, or pleading shall be required, but motions for appropriate amendment of the complaint shall be freely granted. Any form that contains the elements specified in paragraph (1) of this subdivision shall be sufficient under the Rules.
(d) Pleadings of Defendant.

(1)Oral. Unless the matter has been previously disposed of as provided in paragraph (3) of this subdivision, the defendant shall appear at the time and place specified, either personally or by counsel, and shall answer to the complaint orally. At a defendant’s initial appearance before the court, the defendant shall be informed by the court that if the defendant is adjudicated to have committed the civil violation and if a fine is imposed by the court, immediate payment of the fine in full is required.
(2)No Joinder. Proceedings pursuant to this Rule may not be joined with any actions other than another proceeding pursuant to this Rule or a related criminal matter, nor shall a defendant file any counterclaim.
(3)Judgment on Acceptance of Admission. The clerk of the Unified Criminal Docket may accept, at the signed request of the defendant, an admission upon payment of a fine as set by the justice or judge in that particular case or as set accordance with a schedule of fines for civil violations established by the Chief Judge for the District Court for civil violations.
(e) Venue. A civil violation proceeding shall be brought in the division in which the violation is alleged to have been committed.
(f) Discovery. Discovery shall be had only by agreement of the parties or by order of the court on motion for good cause shown.
(g) Standard of Proof. Adjudication of a civil violation shall be by a preponderance of the evidence.
(h) Default.

(1)Entry of Default. If the defendant fails to appear as required by this Rule, the justice or judge shall enter the defendant’s default, adjudicate that the defendant has committed the civil violation alleged, and impose a fine as set by the justice or judge for that particular case or as set in accordance with a schedule of fines for civil violations established by the Chief Judge of the District Court.
(2)Setting Aside the Default. For good cause shown, the court may set aside the default and adjudication under Rules 55(c) and 60(b) of the Maine Rules of Civil Procedure, as applicable. If it is determined that, due to the operation of the Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Civil Relief Act of 1940, as amended, a default should not have been entered, the court shall vacate the adjudication, strike the default and all costs assessed, vacate any license suspension, and permit the defendant an opportunity to answer.
(i) Appeal. A party entitled to appeal may do so as in other civil actions.
(j) Costs. Costs shall not be awarded as in other civil actions. Only those costs expressly authorized by statute shall be imposed.
(k) Notice of Orders or Judgments. The clerk is not required to serve a notice of the entry of an order or judgment on the state or municipality. The clerk is not required to serve a notice of the entry of an order or judgment on the defendant when the defendant, in writing, admits the violation or when the defendant, personally or through counsel, appears in court and is informed by the court of the judgment or order.

Me. R. Uni. Crim. P. 110

Last amended effective November 2, 2016.