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Section 133.402 – Recording of custodial interviews of juveniles

May 14, 2021 | Criminal Procedure, Oregon

(1)

(a) A custodial interview inside a law enforcement facility that is conducted by a peace officer, a school resource officer or a special campus security officer shall be electronically recorded if the custodial interview is conducted with a person under 18 years of age in connection with an investigation into a misdemeanor or a felony, or an allegation that the person being interviewed committed an act that, if committed by an adult, would constitute a misdemeanor or a felony.
(b) A custodial interview anywhere outside of a law enforcement facility that is conducted by a peace officer, a school resource officer or a special campus security officer shall be electronically recorded if:

(A) The custodial interview is conducted with a person under 18 years of age in connection with an investigation into a misdemeanor or a felony, or an allegation that the person being interviewed committed an act that, if committed by an adult, would constitute a misdemeanor or a felony; and
(B) A video camera is worn upon the officer’s person.
(2) Subsection (1) of this section does not apply to:

(a) A statement made before a grand jury;
(b) A statement made on the record in open court;
(c) A custodial interview conducted in another state in compliance with the laws of that state;
(d) A custodial interview conducted by a federal law enforcement officer in compliance with the laws of the United States;
(e) A statement that was spontaneously volunteered and did not result from a custodial interview;
(f) A statement made during custody processing in response to a routine question;
(g) A law enforcement agency that employs five or fewer peace officers;
(h) A custodial interview conducted in connection with an investigation carried out by a youth corrections officer or a staff member of the Oregon State Hospital in the performance of the officer’s or staff member’s official duties of treatment, custody, control or supervision of individuals committed to or confined in a place of incarceration or detention;
(i) A custodial interview for which the state demonstrates good cause for the failure to electronically record the custodial interview; or
(j) A custodial interview if the defendant’s or youth’s age was unknown to the officer or would not have been objectively apparent to a reasonable officer.
(3)

(a) If the state offers an unrecorded statement made under the circumstances described in subsection (1) of this section in a criminal proceeding alleging the commission of a misdemeanor or a felony, or an allegation that a person being interviewed committed an act that, if committed by an adult, would constitute a misdemeanor or a felony, and the state is unable to demonstrate, by a preponderance of the evidence, that an exception described in subsection (2) of this section applies, upon the request of the defendant, the court shall instruct the jury regarding the legal requirement described in subsection (1) of this section and the superior reliability of electronic recordings when compared with testimony about what was said and done.
(b) The court may not exclude the defendant’s statement or dismiss criminal charges as a result of a violation of this section.
(c) If each of the statements made by the defendant that the state offers into evidence is recorded, the court may not give a cautionary jury instruction regarding the content of the defendant’s statements.
(4) If the state offers an unrecorded statement made under the circumstances described in subsection (1) of this section in a juvenile delinquency proceeding alleging the commission of an act that, if committed by an adult would constitute a misdemeanor or a felony, and the state is unable to demonstrate, by a preponderance of the evidence, that an exception described in subsection (2) of this section applies, the court shall consider the superior reliability of electronic recordings when compared with testimony about what was said and done when determining the evidentiary value of the statement.
(5) A law enforcement agency that creates an electronic recording of a custodial interview shall preserve the recording until the defendant’s conviction or youth’s adjudication for the offense is final and all direct, post-conviction relief and habeas corpus appeals are exhausted, or until the prosecution of the offense is barred by law.
(6) The state shall provide an electronic copy of a defendant’s or youth’s custodial interview to a defendant or youth in accordance with ORS 135.805 to 135.873. Providing an electronic copy of the custodial interview to the defendant or youth constitutes compliance with ORS 135.815(1)(b), and the state is not required to provide the defendant or youth with a transcript of the contents of the custodial interview. Unless the court orders otherwise, the defendant’s or youth’s attorney may not copy, disseminate or republish the electronic copy of the custodial interview, except to provide a copy to an agent of the defendant’s or youth’s attorney for the limited purpose of case preparation.
(7) An electronic recording of a custodial interview, and any transcription of the recording, that is certified as containing a complete recording, or a complete transcription, of the entirety of the custodial interview, from the advisement of constitutional rights to the conclusion of the custodial interview, is admissible in any preadjudication or post-adjudication hearing for the purpose of establishing the contents of a statement made in the recording and the identity of the person who made the statement, if the statement is otherwise admissible. A certification that complies with this subsection satisfies the requirements of ORS 40.505 and 132.320 for the recording or transcription. This subsection does not prohibit a party from calling a witness to testify regarding the custodial interview.
(8) As used in this section:

(a) “Custodial interview” means an interview in which the person questioned is in custody and is required to be advised of the person’s constitutional rights.
(b) “Good cause” includes, but is not limited to, situations in which:

(A) The defendant or youth refused, or expressed an unwillingness, to have the custodial interview electronically recorded;
(B) The failure to electronically record the custodial interview was the result of equipment failure and a replacement device was not immediately available;
(C) The person operating the recording equipment believed, in good faith, that the equipment was recording the custodial interview;
(D) Electronically recording the custodial interview would jeopardize the safety of any person or the identity of a confidential informant;
(E) Exigent circumstances prevented the recording of the custodial interview; or
(F) The person conducting the custodial interview did not possess a wearable video camera to electronically record the custodial interview outside of a law enforcement facility.
(c) “Law enforcement facility” means a courthouse, building or premises that is a place of operation for a municipal police department, county sheriff’s office or other law enforcement agency at which persons may be detained in connection with a juvenile delinquency petition or criminal charge.
(d) “Peace officer” has the meaning given that term in ORS 133.005.
(e) “School resource officer” means a peace officer who is assigned to a school.
(f) “Special campus security officer” means a special campus security officer described in ORS 352.118.

ORS 133.402

2019 c. 216, ยง 2

133.402 was enacted into law by the Legislative Assembly but was not added to or made a part of ORS chapter 133 or any series therein by legislative action. See Preface to Oregon Revised Statutes for further explanation.